16th century) both in Odia, sant Eknath's Bhavarth Ramayan (c. 15th century) and Balarama Dasa's Jagamohana Ramayana (also known as the Dandi Ramayana) (c. 15th century), Sarala Das' Vilanka Ramayana (c. 14th century), Krittibas Ojha's Krittivasi Ramayan (also known as Shri Ram Panchali) in Bengali (c.
13th century), Madhava Kandali's Saptakhanda Ramayana in Assamese (c. 16th-century), Gona Budda Reddy's Ranganatha Ramayanam in Telugu (c.
13th century) and Narahari's Torave Ramayana in Kannada (c. 11th century), Kumudendu Muni' s Kumudendu Ramayana (a Jain version) (c. 11th–12th century), Champu Ramayanam of Bhoja (c. Retellings include Kamban's Ramavataram in Tamil (c. There are also Cambodian ( Reamker), Indonesian, Filipino, Thai ( Ramakien), Lao, Burmese and Malay versions of the tale. There are many versions of Ramayana in Indian languages, besides Buddhist, Sikh and Jain adaptations. Scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text range from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE, with later stages extending up to the 3rd century CE. It belongs to the genre of Itihasa, narratives of past events ( purāvṛtta), interspersed with teachings on the goals of human life. It consists of nearly 24,000 verses (mostly set in the Shloka/ Anustubh meter), divided into seven Khanda (parts) the first and the seventh being later additions. The Ramayana is one of the largest ancient epics in world literature. The epic follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest urged by his father King Dasharatha, on the request of Rama's stepmother Kaikeyi his travels across forests in the Indian subcontinent with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana – the king of Lanka, that resulted in war and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king amidst jubilation and celebration. The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Maharishi Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, a legendary prince of Ayodhya city in the kingdom of Kosala. Ramayana is one of the two important legends of Hinduism, known as the Itihasas, the other being the Mahābhārata. The Rāmāyana ( / r ɑː ˈ m ɑː j ə n ə/ Sanskrit: रामायणम्, IAST: Rāmāyaṇam) is a Sanskrit epic from ancient India.
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